中国与日本能源消耗和CO_2排放差异的空间结构分解

A spatial structural decomposition of Chinese and Japanese energy consumption and CO_2 emission

中国是世界上的能源消费大国,其能源消耗总量和CO_2排放总量远高于邻国日本.为分析该现象发生的原因,本文利用结构分解技术(SDA)分别量化分析了两国能耗强度、CO_2排放强度、生产投入结构和最终需求的差异对中日两国能耗和CO_2排放差距的贡献.研究发现,中国高能耗强度、高CO_2排放强度和能源密集型的中间消耗结构是导致中国能耗和CO_2排放远大于日本的主要原因.同时,中国投资和出口拉动型的经济增长方式,使得中国的最终需求结构更倾向于消耗能源密集型产品,这也进一步加剧了中日两国的能耗和CO_2排放差异.本文同时量化分析了各个行业对两国能耗和CO_2排放的影响,分部门来看,钢铁、化学制品、非金属矿物制品、建筑、电力、热力供应等行业是引起中日两国能耗和排放差异的主要行业,也是未来我国节能减排工作所应重点关注的行业.

The energy consumption and CO2 emissions in China are always considerably higher than that of Japan. In order to explore the underlying drivers for this difference, this article employs a spatial structure decomposition analysis, and finally quantifies the corresponding contributions of differences in technology, input structure, and final demand to the energy consumption and emission gaps between China and Japan. The results show that China＇s energy-intensive production technology is the main driver. Moreover, the investment- and export-led growth in China has biased its final demand towards the energy-intensive products, which further increased the energy consumption and CO2 emissions in China. At the industry level, Iron, Chemical Products, Nonmetallic Mineral Products, Construction, Electricity and Heat are the main industries which resulted in China＇s high energy consumption and CO2 emission.