在博物馆里学习:博物馆观众认知特征及传播策略初探

Learning in the Museum:Audience Cognitive Characteristics and Museum Communication Strategies

21世纪以来,中国博物馆事业快速发展,提升展览的传播效益成为亟待解决的问题。与其他媒体相比,博物馆学习是观众在特定空间行走、站立过程中,通过对展物的观察、体验和参与而学习,因此以观众学习的认知特征为前提制定的传播策略更具有针对性和有效性。博物馆展览策展人与设计者应该着重考虑加强对展品实物的阐释,增强展览的叙事能力,帮助观众适应以实物为介质的学习;采用相应的技术增强故事线的逻辑性,更好地营造信息空间,帮助观众在特定空间的站立与行走中进行更有效的学习;引入多种媒体,充分作用于多种感官,以提升观众的学习效益。

With the rapid development of museums in China in the 21~t century, to improve the commu- nication efficiency of exhibitions has become an urgent demand. Compared with communication processes of other media, the distinctive feature of museum learning is that it happens through the audience＇ s observa- tion, practice and participation behaviors with the exhibits when he or she walks or stands in the exhibition space. The communication strategy will be more targeted and effective if it is formulated on the cognitive characteristics of audience learning. The curators and exhibition designers are suggested to pay more atten- tion to the interpretation of objects and build more powerful narratives so as to help the audience adapt to the learning that uses objects as medium; to apply appropriate technologies to strengthen the logic of the story line and create informative spaces so as to help the audience learn more effectively with his or her movement in a specific space; to make full use of multimedia to generate multisensory stimulus for more effective learning.