美军战术区战伤救治的变革

Evolution of combat casualty care in Armed Forces of the U.S. tactical area

在过去十余年内,世界范围内的战伤救治需求,推动了美军和北约相关国家战创伤紧急救治的理念、技术、装备和紧急处置原则等发生巨大变革。美军在伊拉克和阿富汗战场上的伤亡率明显降低,其主要原因可归结为院前、后送及紧急救治策略的革命性进步。研究者就这三方面进行了归纳和总结,以进一步加强对战伤紧急处置的认识和理解。

Over recent decades, combat casualty care demands around the world have necessitated the evolution of concepts, technologies, equipment and emergency care principles of combat casualty care in the United States and North Atlantic Treaty Organization military forces. US military casualty rates during the compaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan decreased significantly, which can be attributed to advances in prehospital acute care, the medical care provided during evacuation and the emergency care strategies applied in the special combat environment. The author focused on the summarization of three components to further enhance the understanding of modern combat casualty care.