摘要
功利主义除了追求总体利益最大化,还包含重要的底线原则——"避免伤害"。这一底线原则可以通过"诺布效应"心理实验来验证,且其强调行为手段必须满足正当性要求,符合人们日常道德判断的思维过程。同时,底线原则不同于波普尔"消极功利主义",它能够弥补"消极功利主义"的不足,具有更强的可践行性。
Apart from the pursuit of the maximization of the overall benefits, utilitarianism also contains a bottom line principle： the ＂harm avoidance＂, which can be verified with the psychological experiment called ＂Knobe effect＂. It also emphasizes that the behavioral methodology must meet the requirement of legitimacy and conforms to human＇s thinking process of their day-to-day moral judgment. Meanwhile, the bottom line principle, which can make up for the defects of Popper＇s ＂negative utilitarianism＂, is different from it and of more practical significance.
作者
裴士军
PEI Shi-jun(Dep. of Philosophy, Xiamen University, Xiamen Fujian 361005, China)
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(16YJA710028)
关键词
功利主义
底线原则
避免伤害
诺布效应
消极功利主义
utilitarianism
bottom line principle
harm avoidance
Knobe effect
negative utilitarianism
