固化与消解:集体创作与文革文学的发生

Solidify and Disintegrate:Collective Writing and the Production of the Literature of the Chinese Cultural Revolution

文革主流文学鼓吹"文艺黑线专政论",它颠覆了十七年文学的书写传统并使得作家身份发生了转变。以样板戏为例,编排演的集体创作形式使其日趋成为政治话语的直接演绎,并不断使自身陷入了建构的悖论。此外,文革期间的文艺理论与批评基本为写作组所掌控,其创作主体呈现出党、政府、高校三维一体的组织化特征。就历史的共时层面而言,作为地下文学现象之一的手抄本小说的传播与接受,某种程度上同样呈现出集体创作的元素,但无不彰显着个人话语的成分。相比新文学传统已然断裂的地表世界,地下文学所坚守的个性在新时期伴随着集体创作的回落而逐渐复苏。

The mainstream literature of the Chinese Cultural Revolution advocates the theory of dictatorship of the black line of literature and art,which overturns the traditional writing of the literature for 17 years and also makes the authorship change.The revolutionary opera is taken for example.The collective creation form of the choreography and performance makes it increasingly become the direct deduction of the political discourse and constantly makes itself caught up in the paradox.In addition,the literary theory and criticism during the period of Culture Revolution were basically controlled by the writing group whose writing subject presents three-dimensional integrated organizational characteristics of the party,government,and universities.From the perspective of synchronic aspect of history,the dissemination and acceptation of manuscripts novels as one of the underground literature phenomena to some extent also present the elements of collective writing,but reveal the personal discourses.Compared with the surface world in which the traditional literature has broken,the personality of the underground literature gradually recovers in the new era which is accompanied by the fall of collective writing.