新型城镇化的“和平道路”:基于田园城市理论原型的解读与猜想

The Peaceful Path of New Urbanization: Interpretation and Hypothesis of Theoretical Prototype in the Garden City Theory

霍华德的田园城市理论及其著作《明日的田园城市》作为规划史上伟大的思想之一,在现代规划的不同历史时期都给规划师以灵感。本文结合当下新旧城镇化交替的背景,以霍华德理论中两个重要概念"社会城市"和"消失的地主地租"为理论原型,对中国城镇化复杂系统的诸多关系追本溯源,并针对当前城镇化复杂系统关切的问题在霍华德框架内有所发展,提出新的猜想。本文认为,我国之前城镇化的根本问题在于城镇化路径的"断裂",而实现新型城镇化首先在于发现其"和平道路",并且以"空间"作为构建这条路径的核心要素。进而提出,中国新型城镇化的基本路径包含两个要点——"城乡一体"的都市区化空间形式和基于使用权的土地租税改革,并详细阐述了两个要点的内在逻辑和合理性。

Ebenezer Howard＇s Garden City Theory and his book Garden Cities of To.morrow is one of the greatest thinking in the history of urban planning, which has inspired urban planners in different periods of modern planning history. This paper takes two concepts from Garden Cities of To-morrow, ＂the sociable cities＂ and ＂the disappeared landlord rental＂, as theoretical prototypes to trace the origin for the complex relation of urbanization. Following Howard＇s framework, this complex relation is further explored in current context of China＇s undergoing transformation towards New Urbanization. This paper argues that the fundamental problem of Chinese ＂old urbanization＂ is the fracture of the urbanizing path, and the key to new urbanization is to discover the ＂peaceful path＂ of urbanization, whose core element is space. Furtherly, it is argued that the fundamental path of China＇s New Urbanization should include two elements, the urban-rural integrated metropolitan space and the land renting and taxation reform based on the right of land-use.