关于减压贮藏技术及理论主流观点的商榷

Discussion of mainstream opinion on technology and theory of hypobaric storage

Stanley P.Burg于20世纪60年代创立了减压贮藏保鲜理论并发明了该技术。21世纪起,中国介绍、论述减压贮藏保鲜技术及理论的高等学校教材以及述评逐渐增多,代表了关于减压贮藏的主流观点。而主流观点中对Burg发明的该技术及其理论的论述有一定的偏颇和误解。此文仅就其具有代表性的、由科学出版社出版的普通高等教育两部"十一五"和"十二五"规划教材中关于减压贮藏的主要技术与理论的一些主流观点进行商榷。如减压贮藏是一种特殊气调贮藏;减压贮藏产品极易失水萎蔫、很容易失去原有的香气和风味以及后熟不好;减压的逆境条件可能引起新的生理障碍或病害;减压贮藏技术还停留在实验室研究阶段;耐压和造价是阻碍减压贮藏技术发展的关键因素等。而笔者通过综述Burg等人文献的论述,自己的研究实践证明减压贮藏的原理与气调贮藏不同,是一种有别于气调贮藏的贮藏技术;在减压贮藏技术得当的情况下,减压贮藏产品不会萎蔫失水,而且能很好保持原有香气和风味,不会引起新的生理障碍和病害;减压贮藏技术已在生产中规模应用;对减压贮藏技术的误解和不当条件下的减压贮藏试验结果才是阻碍减压贮藏技术发展的关键因素等。此文目的在于厘清减压贮藏的一些概念、澄清某些误解,还望能对学子以及从事研究和应用的人员有所帮助,促进减压冷藏与气调冷藏两类不同保鲜技术各自的研究、应用与发展。

Stanley P. Burg founded the theory ofhypobaric storage preservation and invented the corresponding technology in 1960s. At the beginning of 21 century, the introduction, exposition and review of the technology and theory of hypobaric storage preservation increased gradually in the textbooks for university, and they represented the mainstream opinion on hypobaric storage in China. However, there are biased opinions and misunderstandings in a certain extent on the discussion of the technology and theory of hypobaric storage in the mainstream opinion. This paper will discuss some of the mainstream opinions on the main technology and theory on hypobaric storage only in 11th Five-Year and 12th Five-Year planed textbooks, which were pressed by Science Press for common higher education. For example, the hypobaric storage is a special controlled atmosphere storage; the products under hypobaric storage are easy to water loss and wilting, and original aroma and flavor are very easily lost; adversity condition of hypobaric storage can lead to new physiological obstacle and disease; the technology of hypobaric storage still remains at the laboratory research period; compression resistance and manufacturing costs are the key factors to hinder the development of the technology of hypobaric storage, and so on. But through expounding the literatures of Burg et al. and own research and practice, the author found that the principle of hypobaric storage differs from that of controlled atmosphere storage entirely, and it is a preservation technology distinguished from the controlled atmosphere storage; the products trader hypobaric storage will not lose water and wilt, original aroma and flavor can be kept very well, and new physiological obstacle and disease will not be caused if in an appropriate hypobaric technology; the hypobaric technology has been in scale application in practice; the technology of hypobaric storage will be hindered if misunderstanding this kind of technology and stored in some improper hypobaric trial conditions. The paper aims to clarify some conceptions and clear some misapprehensions of hypobaric storage. Also it aims to provide help for the students and the people who are engaged in research and application, and to promote research, application and development of the preservation fresh technologies of both hypobaric storage and controlled atmosphere storage.