贵州经济后发山区土地利用变化及其地形分异特征

Land-use change and terrain differential characteristics in the less-developed mountainous regions of Guizhou

以贵州省丹寨县为研究区,运用遥感解译、GIS空间分析和数理统计分析方法,分析经济后发山区的土地利用变化及其地形分异特征,为实现经济后发山区的土地资源可持续利用提供参考。结果表明:1)2013年到2015年,丹寨县土地利用变化迅速,平均土地利用变化动态度为17.07%;耕地和林地面积减少,建设用地、草地和水域增加;建设用地增加最快,其用地面积由97.76 km2增加到243.65 km2,增加了145.89 km2;主要变化类型有林地转为耕地,耕地转为林地,耕地转为建设用地,以及林地转为建设用地等4种形式。2)土地利用变化主要发生在海拔为400 m^1200 m地带,坡度为6°~25°的缓坡和斜坡地带,坡向为45°~135°和225°~315°的半阳坡地带。各地带都以林地与耕地之间的转换、林地和耕地向建设用地的转化为主。平地和平缓地是耕地转为建设用地最显著的区域。对于山地面积占76%的丹寨来说,这些地带的土地质量相对优良,土地生产力较高。因此,在今后的经济建设工作中,要加强这些地带的土地资源保护,提高其土地利用的生态经济效益。

In order to provide reference for the sustainable utilization of land resources in the less-developed mountainous regions,we took Danzhai County of Guizhou Province as the research area,and analyzed its land-use change and terrain differential characteristics by using remote sensing,GIS spatial analysis and mathematical statistical analysis.The results showed that,from 2013 to 2015,the land-use changed rapidly in Danzhai,with the average single land use dynamic degree of 17. 07%. The area of cultivated land and forest land decreased,and the area of construction land,grassland and waters increased.The area of construction land increased the most（ 145. 89 km^2）,from 97. 76 km^2 to 243. 65 km^2.Major land use change was from forest land to cultivated land,from cultivated land to forest land,from cultivated land to construction land,and from forest land to construction land. The land-use change mainly occurred in the regions of 400-1200 m altitude,6°-25° slope gradient,and 45°-135° and 225°-315°slope aspect（ half sunny slope）.Major land-use change in all these regions was between forest land and cultivated land,and from forest land and cultivated land to construction land. The transformation from cultivated land to construction land mainly occurred in flat land.For Danzhai,of which mountainous area accounts for 76% of its total area,these regions are the most productive regions. Therefore,we should strengthen land resources protection of these regions and improve their ecological and economic benefits in the future.