CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在植物基因工程育种中的应用

Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Technology in Plant Genetic Engineering Breeding

作为传统基因工程育种技术,转基因技术在植物分子育种工作中的应用受到技术本身缺陷及其他风险因素的限制。CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术是近几年新发展起来的一种基因组定向编辑技术。本研究介绍了CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术的基本原理和研究进展,分别比较分析了CRISPR/Cas9系统与前两代基因编辑技术(ZFNs和TALENs)和传统转基因技术之间的差异。至今为止,CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术已经在多种植物中实现了定点突变诱导(插入,缺失或修饰等)。由于成本低廉、操作简易和突变诱导率高等特点,CRISPR/Cas9系统作为一项高效植物遗传改良和育种研究的分子操作技术手段,应用前景十分广阔。

As a traditional genetic engineering breeding technique, the application of transgenic technology was restricted by its own technical defects and other factors. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology is a newly developed genome editing technology in recent years. In this review, we introduced the basic principles and development history of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system, comparatively analyzed the differences between CRISPR/Cas9, genetic modification and previously developed genome editing technologies（ZFNs and TALANs）,respectively. So far, DNA repair mechanisms generating small insertions/deletions/genome modifications had been implemented in many plant species. Due to the advantages of low cost, simple operation and high variability inducing efficiency. CRISPR/Cas9 system owns broad application prospect as an effective molecular technique for plant genetic breeding improvement.