几个影响植物分枝角度的关键基因及其调控机制

Several Key Genes and Its Regulation Mechanisms Affecting the Plant Branching Angle

植物分枝角度是形成理想株型的最重要组成部分,其与植物的产量形成、适应环境能力和竞争能力密切相关。植物分枝角度受遗传因素、植物激素和环境因素等多重调控,但是遗传因素起主要作用。近年来的研究表明:TILLER ANGLE CONTROL1(TAC1)、LAZY1(LA1)、PROSTRATE GROWTH1(PROG1)、LOOSE PLANT ARCHITECTURE1(LPA1)等基因在调节植物分枝角度中起关键作用;植物激素,如生长素和独角金内酯等,对分枝角度的调控也起到关键作用。此外,环境与基因、激素之间的交互作用同样可调节分枝角度。而不同基因调控分枝角度的机制不同,基因可通过与蛋白质、酶、激素或者与其它基因的交互作用调节分枝角度。本研究主要介绍了这些基因在调控植物分枝角度中的相关分子机制,为深入了解植物分枝角度的调控机制提供参考。

Plant branch ing angle is one of the most important components of the ideal plant architecture that closely related to yield formation, adaption to the environment and the ability of competition. Plant branching angle is multiply regulated by genetic factors, plant hormones and environmental factors, while genetic factors play the main role in regulating branching angle. In recent years, research had shown that TILLER ANGLE CONTROL1（TAC1）, LAZY1（LA1）, PROSTRATE GROWTH1（PROG1） and LOOSE PLANT ARCHITECTURE1（LPA1）played a key role in controlling plants branching angle; Plant hormone, such as auxin and strigolactones（SL）, also played a key role in affecting branching angle. Interaction between environment and gene, hormones could regulate branching angel. Molecular mechanisms of various genes in regulating branching angle were different. The interaction between gene and proteins, enzymes, hormones or others genes could regulate branching angle as well.This article mainly reviews the relevant molecular mechanisms of those genes in regulating plant branching angle,and provides the reference to strengthen the understanding of plant branching angle regulating mechanism.