2DORIGO M,CARO G D.Ant algorithms for discrete optimization[J].ArtificialLife,1999,5 (2):137-172.
3DORIGO M,VITTORIO M,ALBERTO C.The ant system:optimization by a colony of cooperating Agents[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics-Part B,1996,26(1):1-13.
4COSTA D,HERTZ A.Ants can color graphs[J].Journal of the Operational Research Society,1997,48(3):295-305.
5AKON M M,GOSWAMI D,JYOTI A.Routing in telecommunication network with controlled ant population[A].Proceedings of the First IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference[C].New York,NY,USA:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc,2004.665-667.
6KASILINGAM R G.Logistics and transportation:design and planning[M].Boston,MA,USA:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1998.29-33.
7MURAO H,TOHMATA K,KONISHI M,et al.Pheromone based transportation scheduling system for the multi-vehicle routing problem[A].IEEE International Conference on Systems,Man and Cybernetics[C].Piscataway,NJ,USA:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc,1999.
8KUO R J,CHIU C Y,LIN Y J.Integration of fuzzy theory and ant algorithm for vehicle routing problem with time window[A].Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society[C].Piscataway,NJ,USA:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc,2004.925-930.
9LENSTRA J K,RINNOOY K.Complexity of vehicle routing and scheduling problem[J].Networks,1981,11 (2):221-227.
10SAVELSBERG H M.Local search in routing problem with time window[J].Operations Research,1985,33 (4):285-305.
