鄂西北植烟土壤养分现状及演变趋势——以十堰市为例

Soil Nutrient Status and Its Variation Trends of Tobacco-planting Fields in Northwestern Region of Hubei Province——A Case Study of Shiyan City

以鄂西北具有代表性的区域——十堰市作为研究对象,通过分析2011年采集于十堰市主产烟区549份土壤样品的养分指标,并与2001年相关数据进行比较,研究鄂西北植烟土壤养分现状及演变趋势。结果表明,十堰市植烟土壤平均pH为6.4±1.0,属于弱酸性范围;土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别为(18.7±7.9)g/kg、(1.7±0.7)g/kg、(114.6±35.4)mg/kg、(36.8±29.0)mg/kg和(162.3±84.0)mg/kg。2001~2011年,十堰市植烟土壤pH已由以中性至碱性为主演变为以弱酸性至中性为主,土壤酸化趋势十分明显。相对于2001年,2011年十堰市植烟土壤的有机质变化不大,但土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均有不同程度的提高,且以土壤速效磷和速效钾的提高幅度较大,其中土壤速效磷>40.0 mg/kg和土壤速效钾>150.0 mg/kg的样点占比较2001年分别提高了36.6和27.6个百分点。鄂西北植烟土壤养分演变趋势与其他农作物土壤养分的变化趋势有所不同,这主要与烟草施肥密切相关。

Taking Shiyan city as a typical region,the present status and variation trends of tobacco-planting soil nutrients in northwestern region of Hubei province were studied. The nutrient indexes of 549 soil samples collected in Shiyan city tobacco fields in 2011 were analyzed,and the results were compared with the related data in 2001. The results indicated that present soil pH in Shiyan city tobacco fields were 6.4±1.0 on average,belonging to the weak acid range. The content of soil organic matter （OM）,total nitrogen （N）,available N,available phosphorus （P） and available potassium （K） were （18.7 ±7.9） g∕kg, （1.7 ±0.7） g∕kg, （114.6 ±35.4） mg∕kg, （36.8 ±29.0） mg∕kg, （162.3 ±84.0） mg∕kg,respectively. The soil pH was mainly changed from neutral-alkaline to weak acid-neutral,which indicated the trend of acidification in tobacco-planting soil was very obvious during 2001-2011. Compared with the data in 2001,soil OM content in 2011 changed little,but the content of soil total N, available N,available P and available K in 2011 increased to varying degrees,and sample percentages of soil available P in range of 〉40.0 mg∕kg and soil available K in range of 〉150.0 mg∕kg in 2011 were increased by 36.6 and 27.6 percentage points. The variation trends of tobacco-planting soil nutrients in northwestern region of Hubei province was to some extent different from that of other crop soil,which was closely related to the fertilization status on tobacco.