不同配比复合基质对盆栽蓝莓的生长和光合指标的影响

Effects of Different Substrates on the Growth and Photosynthetic Indexes of Potted Blueberries

【目的】研究蓝莓对新疆盆栽土壤环境的适应性,以天山云杉林表层腐殖质与园土按比例混合,并辅以腐熟羊粪和腐殖酸配置而成的复合基质,研究其对不同蓝莓品种的生长发育和光合指标的影响,为蓝莓在新疆推广和综合开发利用提供基础理论依据。【方法】在温室条件下,以蓝丰、北陆、达柔和都克4个蓝莓品种为试验材料,采用盆栽实验方法,按双因素完全随机实验设计设置4种基质和4个蓝莓品种,观察基质对蓝莓的生长情况和测定其叶片的光合指标,采用主成分分析方法分析基质对蓝莓生长的综合影响,采用pearson相关性分析基质与蓝莓生长的相关性。【结果】复合基质的p H值均不能满足蓝莓生长环境条件,需要用醋酸对基质和灌溉用水调p H至4.5,而孔隙度等理化指标均能满足蓝莓生长环境要求;基质因素和品种因素对蓝莓生长和光合指标的影响均达到了显著水平,且基质作用大于品种作用;北陆和达柔两个蓝莓品种在腐殖质与园土按2∶1至3∶1混合的复合基质里生长的综合影响评价高;蓝丰和都克两个蓝莓品种的生长与基质的EC有相关性,差异显著。【结论】天山云杉林表层腐殖质与园土比在2∶1到3∶1范围内并辅以腐熟羊粪和腐殖酸配成的复合基质,醋酸酸化基质和浇灌用水至p H值4.5后,能够代替草炭进行盆栽北陆和达柔两个蓝莓品种。

【 Objective】 In order to study the adaptability of blueberries to potted soil environment in Xin-jiang, the humus soil in the spruce forest of Tianshan Mountain was mixed with garden soil in proportion and was supplemented with decomposed sheep manure and humic acid to configure the composite substrate. The growth and physiological indexes of different blueberry varieties in the substrate were analyzed in order to pro-vide the basic theoretical basis for the promotion and comprehensive utilization of blueberry in Xinjiang. 【 Method] Under the greenhouse condition, four blueberry varieties were used as experimental materials, such as Bluecrop, Northland, Darrow and Duke. Two - way ANOVA experiment was used to design the four blue-berry varieties with four different combinations of the medium. The growth of seedlings and the photosynthetic indexes of the leaves of blueberries in the substrate were observed. The effects of the substrate on the growth of blueberries were analyzed by principal component analysis （PCA）. The correlation between the substrate and the growth of blueberries was analyzed using Pearson correlation.【 Result】 The pH of the composite substrate did not meet the conditions of blueberry growth. The pH of the substrate and irrigation water was adjusted with acetic acid. The physical and chemical indexes of the substrate could meet the requirements of the blueberry growth environment. The effect of the substrate and varieties on the growth and photosynthetic indexes of blue-berries were all significant. The effect of the substrate was greater than that of cultivars. The comprehensive impact of the growth of the two blueberry varieties such as Northland and Darrow in the composite substrate of humus soil and garden soil by 2 ： 1 to 3 ： 1 was higher. The growth of the two blueberry varieties of Bluecropand Duke was correlated with the EC of the substrates. Its difference was significant. 【 Conclusion】 The results showed that the surface humus and soil ratio of Tianshan spruce forest were mixed as the composite substrate in the range of 2： 1 to 3： 1, with supplementing decomposed sheep manure and humic acid. Acetic acid compos-ite substrate and irrigation water to pH 4. 5 can replace peat for the two potted blueberry varieties such as Northland and Darrow.