气相色谱-质谱法分析某阻燃剂生产厂周边淡水鱼中的多溴联苯醚及其累积特征

Determination of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Bioaccumulation in Freshwater Fish Surrounding a Flame Retardant Manufacturing Plant by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

近年来多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的研究集中在电子行业发达地区、电子废物处置区、塑料制品生产区等重点污染区域。对阻燃剂生产厂周边PBDEs的研究有助于更好地理解PBDEs的累积特征和环境过程。本文选择江苏某PBDEs生产厂周边的淡水河流,采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析该河流5种淡水鱼中13种PBDEs同族体的浓度。结果显示,淡水鱼样品肌肉、肝脏和鱼卵组织中∑_(13)PBDEs(BDE17、28、71、47、66、100、99、85、154、153、138、183、190)的浓度平均值分别为34.5 ng/g.lip、41.5 ng/g.lip和18.2 ng/g.lip。研究水域不同种类淡水鱼的食性、习性和代谢能力等是影响鱼体中PBDEs浓度的主要因素。鱼体中BDE47是主要的同族体,但是与大多数已报道的研究数据相比,鱼体中含有的六溴(BDE153、154)和七溴同族体(BDE183)比例较高,这与河流附近工厂生产八溴联苯醚工业品(以六溴、七溴和八溴同族体为主)相符。工厂生产的八溴联苯醚工业品以及河流上游径流带来的其他区域生产和使用的多溴联苯醚工业品释放到环境中,被河流中的淡水鱼类选择性地积累和代谢,形成了本研究区淡水鱼体中PBDEs特殊的同族体分布。

In recent years, the research on polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEi） has been heavily concentrated in polluted areas, such as the developed areas of the electronic industry, electronic waste disposal arrears, and plastic materials production areas. Research on PBDEs surrounding a flame retardant manufacturing plant may contribute to a better comprehension of their bioaccumulation characteristics and environmental processes＊ Five species of fish were collected from a freshwater environment surrounding a PBDE technical mixtures manufacturing plant in Jiangsu Province. Concentrations of thirteen PBDE congeners were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry （GC-MS）. Results show that the average concentrations of X 13PBDES （BDE17, 28, 7 1 ,4 7 , 6 6 , 100, 99, 85, 154, 153, 138, 183, 190） in muscle, liver and egg tissues are 34. 5 ng/g. lip, 41. 5 ng/g. lip and 18. 2 ng/g. lip, respectively. Feeding and living habits as well as metabolic ability may influence the occurrence of PBDEs in fish in this area. BDE47 was the predominant compound in most fish samples, however, the fish in the present study have a higher proportion of hexa- and hepta-BDEs such as BDE153, BDE154 and BDE183 compared to the data reported in other studies, which is consistent with the octa-BDE technical mixtures （dominated by hexa-, hepta- and octa-BDEs） from the manufacturing plant near the river. The octa-BDE technical mixtures produced here, and the PBDE technical mixtures produced and used in other regions were carried in by upstream runoff and released into the environment, which were selectively bioaccumulated and metabolized by freshwater fish, resulting in the specific distribution of PBDE congeners in fish in this area.