刺苍耳在新疆伊犁河谷的分布及生长发育特性

Distribution and Growth Characteristics of Xanthium spinosum in Yili River Valley of Xinjiang

刺苍耳是一种外来杂草,目前已入侵新疆伊犁河谷。通过定点调查与线路踏查相结合的方法,调查刺苍耳在伊犁河谷的发生分布与危害状况;通过刺苍耳发生地定点定期观察,掌握刺苍耳在伊犁河谷的生长发育特性。结果表明,目前,刺苍耳在伊犁河谷的伊宁市、伊宁县、霍城县、察布查尔县、巩留县、特克斯县、尼勒克县、新源县及昭苏县均有分布,其中霍城县、新源县分布最广,数量最多,昭苏县分布最少。刺苍耳在伊犁河谷表现为一年生草本,4月萌芽,5月为营养生长高峰期,6月下旬开花,7月初结果,9—10月为果熟期,11月枯萎死亡。刺苍耳目前正在向农田和景区扩散,对伊犁河谷的农业生产、旅游业及生态环境造成威胁,应引起有关部门重视,防止其进一步扩散。

Xanthium spinosum,is an exotic weed that was introduced in the Yili river valley of Xinjiang in recent years.X spinosum distribution in Yili river valley was surveyed with fixed-point and line assessment methods to determine its growth and development characteristics. Currently,Xanthium is prevalent in Yining city,Yining County,Huocheng County,Xinyuan County,Gongliu County,Tekesi County,Neleke County and Zhaosu County in the Yili river valley.Xanthium distributed most widely and at higher density in Huocheng County and Xinyuan County,sparsely in Zhaosu County. Xanthium is an annual herb,that ermerges in April,achieves its peak of vegetative growth in May,flowers in late June,fruits in early July,and ripens its fruit during September to October to die in November in the Yili river valley. Xanthium may be spreading towards farmlands and scenic spots,and inevitably is becoming a threat to agriculture,tourism and the eco-environment in the Yili river valley.