论明代嘉靖中期倭患战争的性质——以徐渭抗倭诗为例

On the Nature of Resistance against Japanese Pirates during the Jiajing Period of the Ming Dynasty——A Case Study on Xu Wei's Poems about Resistance against Japanese Pirates

关于明代嘉靖年间倭患战争性质的问题,其争论的焦点主要集中于明人抗倭到底是反对异族侵略还是只是封建社会内部的阶级斗争。徐渭嘉靖年间创作的大量抗倭诗,特别是《龛山凯歌》,以纪实的手法讴歌了明军夜袭倭寇的英勇,展现了抗倭战争的残酷,表达对倭寇入侵中华大地的极度痛恨之情。此诗所描写的倭寇形象证明,当时入侵中华的倭寇主要为真倭,而非从倭。其它如《海上曲》《白牝蛟》等,亦持同样的看法。而《寄朱君邦宪》一诗,则从另一个角度证明徐渭对真倭与从倭有着泾渭分明的辨别,正是这种细微的辨别,表现了众多知兵文人对嘉靖年间倭患成分的普遍认知。徐渭抗倭诗中所表现出来的夷夏之分,强烈地表达了当时明人对抗倭战争的极度愤慨和厌恶,真切地突显了抗倭战争的性质就是一场反对外来侵略的正义战争。

With regard to the nature of resistance against Japanese pirates during the JiaJing period of the Ming Dynasty,the debate focuses on whether it was foreign invasion or just the class struggle in our country. Xu Wei＇s poems about the resistance against Japanese pirates,especial The Paean of Kanshan,eulogized through historical facts the military fighting spirit during the Ming Dynasty,unfolded the horror of war and showed their utmost hatred the invasion of enemy troops. His other poems also conveyed the same idea,such as The Song in the Sea,Bai Pin Jiao and so on. The poem To Zhu Bangxian proved Xu Wei＇s clear standpoint between true Japanese and false Japanese,which reflects the literati＇s awareness in general about the nature of resistance against Japanese pirates. The strong recognition of Yi Xia,exposed in Xu Wei＇s poems,expressed people＇s great anger and hatred against Japanese pirates,which should be identified as foreign invasion.