《浮士德》中的善恶二元论

On Dualism of Good and Evil in Faust

将《浮士德》置于孕育它的历史语境框架中进行解读,有助于探索德国哲学、神学语境转变对作品创作所产生的影响。将16世纪德国民间故事、英国作家马洛的悲剧《浮士德博士》与歌德的《浮士德》进行比较,进而结合对《浮士德》故事不同版本中多次出现但含义迥异的善恶二元结构的剖析,即可见出不同的社会语境对作品人物形象的建构与变异所产生的深刻影响。其中,斯宾诺莎的泛神论成为我们解读歌德版《浮士德》的关键——它引导歌德重新锻造了浮士德故事所呈现的"追求知识"、"善恶二元"等古老元素,由此改变了故事的结局。

It is of great help to explore the influence upon the work creation from the perspective of philosophy and theology if Faust is put into the historical context. This paper aims to first compare three different texts,namely folktales in German in 16th century,Doctor Faustus written by English author Marlowe,and Goethe＇s Faust,then carries out a deep analysis on dualism of good and evil in these texts with different connotations. It is discovered in the paper that different social contexts play a critical role in the development of characters and their changes. Spinoza＇s pantheism,important as it is,functions as a key to interpret Goethe＇s Faust,which actually guides Goethe to reshape the story of Faust in terms of ＂knowledge pursuit＂,＂dualism of good and evil＂,etc. As a result,the ending of the story thus changes.