裁判约束的文本建构与程序规制——以当事人话语输出为视角

The Textualization and Procedure Regulations of Judicial Restraint——From the Perspective of the Parties' Utterance Output

从口头判决到书面判决的改变是人类裁判形式的一个重大进步,其主要原因就是书面判决对法官擅断发挥了最重要的制约作用。司法的文明几乎伴随着防范司法擅断与恣意裁判而展开的。理想的裁判文书,忠实地记录着诉讼主体的陈述、逻辑地展现了呈现于法庭的证据、合理地演绎着法官的分析与说理,在相应的庭审公开、审级监督、卷宗移送等程序保障之下较好地抑制了司法的恣意。但裁判文书的撰写毕竟出自于法官一人之手,一旦法官篡改、扭曲了其中的陈述,并润色了自己想偏袒的说理,那么判决书所呈现出的华美辞藻与完整故事,即便公之于众,也难以发挥应有的约束功能。因此,确保裁判文书忠实于当事人的陈述才是裁判约束机制的根本。

The change of written judgments replacing oral judgments makes significant advances in human beings＇ written judgment.The main reason is that written judgments can restrict judicial autarchy observably. Jurisdiction civilization has been developed with the progress of avoiding judicial autarchy and arbitrary judgments. An ideal written judgment should record parties＇ statements dutifully,demonstrate evidences in court logically and deduce judge＇s analyzation reasonably. Moreover,the public trial,the supervision of trial level and dossier transfer can guarantee the constraint of judgments. However,since judges write judgments by themselves,they can tamper parties＇ statements and polish their partial arguments. Such judgments will not be restricted,and be unfair even with the perfect wording. To conclude,the fundamental solution is to ensure the written judgment to be in accordance with the party＇s statements.