出舱通信系统的返向信号功率自动控制方法

Automatic Power Control Method of Reversed Signal for Communications System of Astronaut EVA

出舱活动任务面临载人航天器同时与多名出舱航天员之间的数据交互需求,若采用传统的恒定发射功率无线通信模式,可能由于多名航天员舱外活动位置不同导致通信不均衡及互相干扰问题。为保证所有出舱航天员的通信链路稳定,提出一种功率自动控制方法,利用位于载人航天器内部的出舱通信处理器实时接收所有出舱航天员的返向信号,并分别对信干比进行评估,根据评估结果按照外环和内环两种方式进行航天员返向信号的功率控制,最终使出舱通信处理器接收到的所有航天员的返向信号信干比接近,保证与出舱航天员之间的正常通信。通过搭建试验平台对功率自动控制方法进行验证,结果表明:该方法可实现出舱通信处理器收到的所有返向信号的信干比接近,能解决远近效应问题,提升多人出舱通信链路的可靠性。

The EVA （extravehicular activity） mission faces the data interaction requirements be-tween the manned spacecraft and multiple extravehicular astronauts. The traditional wireless communications mode with constant transmitting power will cause the interference and incompati-bility of communications due to the different positions of the extravehicular astronauts. In order to ensure the communications link stability of all extravehicular astronauts, an automatic power control method is proposed. The extravehicular communications device located inside the manned spacecraft receives the real-time reversed signal of all extravehicular astronauts, and the signal to interference ratio is estimated. According to the evaluation results, the power is automatically controlled by the two ways of outer loop and inner loop. Finally, the signal to interference ratio of all the astronauts received by the extravehicular communications device is almost the same, ensuring the quality of extravehicular communications. The method is verified by building the test platform and carrying out experiment and the result shows that the multiple signal to inter ference ratio received is almost the same, therefore improving the reliability of communications link for multiple EVA.