艳山姜果实的生药学及气相色谱研究

Pharmacognosy and GC of Alpiniae zerumbet fructus

艳山姜为姜科山姜属植物,艳山姜(Alpinia zerumbet)的干燥成熟果实,是贵州少数民族地区的传统习用药物,艳山姜在贵州省的种植面积已超过130 hm^2,是贵州"南药"的第一大宗产品,也是治理石漠化的重要经济植物,其自然资源非常丰富,亦是民间常用的香料植物资源。该研究采用性状、显微及理化鉴定方法,对艳山姜果实进行了系统的生药学研究,并对α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯及1,8-桉叶油醇四个主要心血管药理活性成分进行含量分析。结果表明:艳山姜果实性状鉴别特征为果皮见12~20条纵棱隆起,顶端具花被残基突起,种子团由白色隔膜分为3瓣,每瓣具种子8~20粒不等,较易散落。显微鉴别特征为:种子横切面具1~2列油细胞,外胚乳细胞含淀粉粒,并可见细小草酸钙方晶;果实粉末可见螺纹导管、草酸钙方晶、淀粉粒、石细胞等。气相色谱法测得艳山姜果实挥发油中α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯及1,8-桉叶油醇的平均含量分别为4.292%、3.966%、9.703%、27.171%。该研究的性状、显微鉴别方法准确、简单、易行,可作为艳山姜药材的鉴别依据;气相色谱含量测定方法重现性好,测定结果精确可靠,可用于艳山姜果实挥发油的含量测定。该研究结果为艳山姜药材的鉴定及进一步开发利用提供科学参考。

Alpiniae zerumbe was a traditional medicinal medicine in Guizhou minority areas,which was the first large product of Guizhou＂Southern Medicine＂,and also an important economic plant for controlling rocky desertification. The natural resources of A. zerumbe were very rich,and as a common spice plant resource,but has not yet seen the researchreport about pharmacognosy on A. zerumbe. The systematic study on the pharmacognosy and the determination of content by GC of the national medicine fructus of A. zerumbe. The results showed that the peel had 12-20 longitudinal ridge uplift,and a perianth protrusions with the top of fructus. The seed was divided into three petals from the white septum,and each petal with 8-20 seeds which easy to scattered. The microscopic identification results were as follows： seed crosssection containing 1-2 oil cells,endosperm cells containing starch granules,and a small amount of fine calcium oxalate crystal. There were thread duct,calcium oxalate crystal,starch granules,sclereid and so on which in the powder of A. zerumbe. And the average contents of α-pinene,camphene,β-pinene and 1,8-eucalyptol were 4.292%,3. 966%,9.703% and 27.171% determined by GC. The character and microscopic identification method of this experiment were accurate,simple and easy to use,which can be used as the basis for the identification of the fructus of A. zerumbe. The method of determination of GC content was good reproducibility and the result was accurate and reliable,and could be used for the determination of volatile oil of fructus of A. zerumbe.