泡沫铝填充钢/铝复合管轴向抗冲击吸能特性

Simulative research on the energy absorption characteristics of aluminum foam-filled steel/Al clad tube under axial impact loading

为揭示泡沫铝填充复合材料的力学行为,本文以泡沫铝填充钢/铝复合管(Al-Foam filled clad tube,简称AlFFCT)为研究对象,采用多孔泡沫材料Crushable-foam本构模型,在ABAQUS平台上模拟分析了泡沫铝孔隙率、高径比、径厚比、界面结合状态和复合管层厚比等材料和结构参数对AI-FFTC吸能特性的影响。结果表明:泡沫铝孔隙率低于90%时,Al-FFCT的冲击屈曲模态均为轴对称变形,与结构参数无关;泡沫铝与复合管以及复合管组元间界面结合状态和层厚比对结构变形协调性和整体的抗冲击能力具有显著影响,可通过上述多个结构参数的组合匹配,实现综合吸能特性的柔性定制,比传统的泡沫铝填充管具有更大的设计空间,为汽车保险杠、吸能盒等缓冲结构设计提供了新的轻量化材料。

In order to reveal the mechanical behavior of aluminum foam filled composit material, using the alumi-num foam-filled steel/A1 clad tube （Al-FFCT） as a research object, we applied Crushable-Foam constitutive model of porous foam material to simulate and analyze the effects of materials and structural parameters, including porosity ,radius-thickness ratio, height-diameter ratio, interface bonding state, and layer-thickness ratio of clad tube on the energy absorption capability of the Al-FFCT on ABAQUS platform. Results indicated that the impact bending modes of AI-FFTC are all axial symmetrical deformation and are irrelevant to the structural parameters when the po-rosity of aluminum foam is less than 90%. Meanwhile, the deformation compatibility and the impact resistance of the composite metals are significantly affected by the layer-thickness ratio and the binder complex form. Hence, flexible customization of energy absorption can be realized by combining the structural parameters. A larger design space is also obtained as compared with the traditional aluminum foam-filled tube. Finally, a new lightweight mate-rial is provided for the design of such buffering structures as vehicle bumpers and crash boxes.