小兴安岭金山屯群体红皮云杉子代测定及优良个体选择

Progeny Test on the Population of Picea Koraiensis from Jinshantun District in Lesser Khingan Mountains and Selection of the Fine Individual Trees

红皮云杉是小兴安岭山脉南麓云杉林的重要组成树种之一,生态幅度相对较宽,具经济、材用、生态和景观等多种功效。为了合理利用小兴安岭红皮云杉的自然遗传资源,提高良种的科技附加值,以金山屯群体自由授粉子代测定林为评价对象,采用固定标准地定位观测的方法,基于个体生态耦合性及遗传效应的分析,探讨了自由授粉子代树高和胸径的遗传变异,系统分析了生长性状的遗传力和遗传增益,并从中选育出生长、抗逆性和适应能力兼优的个体。结果表明,群体内个体间,金山屯群体红皮云杉子代的生长性状存在极显著差异。其中:树高性状的变异较小,胸径性状的变异较大,平均变异系数分别为22.64%和42.45%;红皮云杉的生长性状受遗传基因的控制程度强,遗传增益大,树高和胸径2个性状的遗传力分别为0.856和0.821,遗传增益分别为9.36%和11.78%;综合考虑各项评价指标和各种影响因素,确定JS075、JS085和JS082为优良个体。

Picea Koraiensis is an important constituent tree species of spruce forests on the southern foot of Lesser Khingan Mountains, with wide ecological amplitude and multiple benefits including economy, timber, ecology and landscape. For the sake of rationally utilizing natural genetic resources of Picea Koraiensis in Lesser Khingan Mountains and improving the sci-tech additional value of the fine varieties, the open-pollinated progeny test forests in Jinshantun District were selected as the evaluation object and the method of positional observation of fixed standard fields was adopted to explore the genetic variations of the open-pollinated progeny tree height and DBH and systematically analyze the heritability and genetic gains of the growth characters for selecting fine individual trees with optimal growth, stress-resistance and adaptability on the basis of analyzing the individual ecological coupling and hereditary effects. The results showed that there were highly significant differences in the growth characters among the individual trees of the progeny population with a little variation in the height character and great variation in the DBH character, and the mean variation coefficients were 22.64% and 42. 45% respectively. The growth characters of Picea Koraiensis showed high heritability and high genetic gains, and the heritabilities of the tree height and DBH were 0.856 and 0.821 respectively, and the genetic gains were 9.36% and 11.78% respectively. JS075, JS085 and JS082 were identified as fine individual trees with overall consideration of evaluation indexes and affecting factors.