青海东南部主要绿绒蒿资源分布区的土壤及伴生植物

Soil types and accompanying plants at the distribution area of Meconopsis in the southeast Qinghai

为了进一步做好青海民族植物与文化的研究工作,对青海东南部地区主要绿绒蒿属资源的分布进行实地踏勘,调查分布区的土壤类型及伴生植物,分析绿绒蒿资源分布与土壤环境及伴生植物的关系。结果表明:青海东南部绿绒蒿分布区土壤有7种类型,其中高山草甸土绿绒蒿种类分布最多,垂直高差最大;风沙土﹑高山漠土和山地灌丛草原土分布相对集中。分布区土壤类型间硝态氮、速效磷和速效钾均差异显著,但都与海拔高度不存在显著的相关性。高山草甸土和灌淤土的有效养分含量高于其他土壤类型,以潮土和山地灌丛土有效养分的变异系数最低,受海拔高度的影响较小,其伴生植物表现出随着海拔高度增加种群逐渐减小,不同绿绒蒿种的伴生植物种类也随海拔高度表现梯级变化。金露梅、高山柳、金莲花、禾本科草、高山景天、火绒草、点地梅成为各种绿绒蒿伴生植物的优势种群。

The soil types and companying plants at the distribution area of meconopsis in the southeast Qinghai were investigated by on - the - spot survey. The results show that the distribution area of meconopsis has 7 soil types. The more meconopsis species are distributed at alpine meadow soil, with contrast altitude difference. The aeolian sandy soil,alpine desert soil and mountain shrubby steppe soil are distributed at certain areas. The nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassi-um have significant differences between soil types,but all of available nutrients are not significant correlated with altitude. Available nutrient contents in the soil of alpine meadow and irrigation silt soil are higher than other soil types. The Fluvo - aquic soil and mountain shrubby steppe soil has less variation of available nutrients and less effected by altitude. The populations size of accompan-ying plant of meconopsis decreases as the altitude increase. Potentilla fruticosa, Salix cupularis, Trollius chinensis,graminoids,Angiospermae,Leontopodium japonicum,Androsace umbellata are the dominant accompanying plants of meconopsis.