模式竞争还是竞争模式？--地方行政审批改革创新的比较研究

Competition of Models or Models of Competition?——A Comparative Study of Local Innovations of the Administrative Licensing Reform

随着我国转变政府职能、建设服务型政府改革的不断深入,在中央的推动下各地政府在探索创新中形成了以政务中心模式、行政审批局模式两种主要的行政审批改革路径。通过对同一城市两个辖区行政审批改革实践的比较分析发现,政务中心模式和行政审批局模式不是前者被后者取代的线性演进关系,而是我国行政审批制度改革发展方向的两个并行不悖的改革选项,各自有独特的优势和适用性。地方政府选择不同改革路径和模式,固然要考虑到模式特征和优势是否适合本地需要和制度环境,但也更受到地方竞争的影响:在没有上级政府干预和命令的前提下,政府间的竞争可能受两种机制的支配,一种是同区域间不愿学习借鉴的"排斥"机制,另一种是跨区域竞争下的积极学习并力图超越的"赶超"机制。

In building a more service-oriented government, local governments, with the support of the central government, have developed two models of administrative licensing reform: the Public Service Center model and the Administrative Licensing Bureau model. By comparing the processes of administrative licensing reforms in two districts of a city,this paper findsthere was no linear evolutional relation between these two models; rather, they are alternative options with distinctive advantages and applicability. Although local governments chose different approaches and models of reform to meet local demands and the institutional environments, their choices were also shaped by the logic of competition between local governments. In the absence of the direct intervention of a higher administrative authority,local governments often compete through two mechanisms. The avoidance mechanism describes a local governmentchoosing not to follow the same policy path that their neighboring competitors took. The other is the emulation mechanism which describes the local government caught up in cross-regional competition that strives to overtake the leading competitors through innovation based on emulation.