基于博弈论视角的支出型贫困救助政策扩散研究

A Study on the Policy diffusion of Expenditure Poverty Relief: Based on Game Theory

支出型贫困救助政策的实施契合精准扶贫理论,但在政策实施过程中出现政策模式"碎片化"现象。运用政策扩散理论对支出型贫困救助政策在扩散过程中出现的政策变异情况进行分析。全国支出型贫困救助政策可分为临时救助模式和试点救助模式;进一步运用博弈论对两种模式出现的原因进行分析,得出以下结论:受上级对下级的监督成本、财政预算约束、政绩导向等因素影响,各级政府在政策制定过程中进行了博弈,并导致了政策在扩散过程中的变异。由此提出应出台统一的政策、实行有效的政策考核机制及对落后地区的财政补助等措施,以促进我国支出型贫困救助制度的建立与发展。

The implementation of the expenditure poverty relief policy coincides with the theory of targeted poverty alleviation,but it appears ＂fragmented＂ in the process of policy implementation. Upon using policy diffusion theory,this paper analyzes the policy variation of the expenditure poverty relief policy. The national expenditure poverty relief policy can be divided into temporary relief mode and pilot relief mode. Further explain the reasons of the two modes by using game theory, we draw conclusions as follow ： there are gambling between all levels of governments in the process of policy formulation because of monitoring cost, revenue budget constraint and achievement orientation, and leads to policy variation in the process of diffusion. We suggest that the establishment and development of the poverty relief system should be promoted by the introduction of unified policies, the implementation of effective policy appraisal mechanism and the financial subsidy for the backward areas.