迟播油菜绿色增产增效技术研究

Research on Green Cultivation Measures to Increase the Yield and Efficiency of Late Sowing Rapeseed

通过选用早熟油菜(Brassica napus L.)品种集成高密低氮、缓控释肥和生物调控技术,研究迟播油菜绿色增产增效技术。结果表明,选用早熟油菜品种圣光127,在湖北省10月22-30日进行播种,播种密度为60万~105万株/hm^2,施氮量(纯N)为120~240 kg/hm^2的条件下,可获得1 814.3~2 777.4 kg/hm^2的产量。适当增加种植密度可以有效降低施氮量,起到以密省肥的作用,也能缓解因播期推迟引起的产量下降。实施种子处理、选用缓控肥、适度化学除草和叶面补肥等绿色技术能够促进迟播油菜生长发育,缩短全生育期至190 d左右,能够满足湖北地区油-稻-稻(再)三熟制生产的要求。10月22、30日播种的各处理平均产量2 278.9 kg/hm^2,比全省平均产量2 100 kg/hm^2增产178.9 kg/hm^2,按照油菜子价格4.0元/kg计算,增效715.6元/hm^2。

To explore the green cultivation measures to increase yield and efficiency of late sowing rapeseed （Brassica napus L.）,early maturing rapeseed,high plant density and low nitrogen,sustained controlled release fertilizers and biological technolo-gy were integrated via field testing. The results showed that the seed yield of early maturing rapeseed Shengguang 127 was 1814.3 to 2777.4 kg/hm2 when sowing date was during 22th to 30th in October,density was 600000 to 1050000 plants/hm2, and nitrogen rate was 120 to 240 kg/hm2. Increasing the plant density appropriately could decrease the nitrogen application, and alleviate the yield loss due to late sowing. Pre-treated seed,sustained controlled release fertilizers,moderately chemical control on weed growth and leaf fertilizer could promote the development of late sown rapeseed,shorten the growth period to 190 d,which could meet the requirements of rapeseed-rice-rice cropping system in Hubei province. When the sowing date was during 22th to 30th in October,the average yield was 2278.9 kg/hm2,yield increased by 178.9 kg/hm2 compared with yield of 2100 kg/hm2 in Hubei, and benefit increased by 715.6 CNY/hm2 as the seed price of 4.0 CNY.