论汉语的“主述结构”和“主述句”

On Topic-Comment Construction and Topic-Comment Sentence in Chinese

"主题+述题"构成"主述结构",它是汉语句干中重要的语用结构,由"主述结构"构成的句子称为"主述句"。主述结构的常规语序是主题在述题之前,动态语境句里有时主题可以在述题之后。主题和述题的选择与语用表达有密切的关系,会影响主观的表达意图。确定"主述结构"可采用意义和形式互相参证的方法。主题与主语、主事有本质区别:主题是语用概念,主语是句法概念,主事是语义概念;但它们也有联系。根据不同的标准,主题和述题都可分为若干类型。汉语的单句和复句都存在着单主题句和多主题句。主述句可以分为五类:叙述句、描述句、记述句、释述句、评述句。

Topic-Comment construction is an important pragmatic structure in Chinese, and a sentence consists of a Topic-Comment construction is a Topic-Comment sentence. Topic,subject and theme are fundamentally different, though they are closely related. Topic is a pragmatic concept, while subject is a syntactic concept, and theme a semantic concept.According to different standards, topic and comment can be divided into several types. In Chinese there are one-topic sentences and multiple-topic sentences. The Topic-Comment sentences can be divided into five types, namely narrative, descriptive, recording,explanatory, and evaluative.