景观水体的生态净化与水质维护工艺应用研究

Application study on ecological purification and water quality maintenance processes of landscape water

依托实际景观水体水质维护的生态净化工程,研究充氧、过滤等物化技术以及水生植物塘、生态氧化塘、表流湿地等生态技术对景观水体的水质净化与维护作用,对比不同生态净化工艺流程的特点,评价各工艺单元对主要污染物的净化效果。结果表明:曝气/过滤、水生植物塘、生态氧化塘及表流湿地等单元均有较明显的水质净化效果,其中曝气/过滤单元的浊度去除效果最好,表流湿地、生态氧化塘及水生植物塘单元的有机物及营养物质去除效果更佳;季节和水温对净化效能有显著影响。不同生态净化工艺流程的对比结果表明,曝气/过滤-水生植物塘-表流湿地工艺流程的浊度去除效果更佳,曝气/过滤-生态氧化塘-表流湿地工艺流程的有机物及营养物质的削减作用更好。在稳定运行期间,2种生态净化工艺流程的浊度、COD_(Mn)、叶绿素a、TN、TP平均去除率分别为43.14%和35.45%、24.77%和27.77%、17.72%和24.06%、29.94%和36.65%、22.63%和33.60%。

This study investigated the effect of physicochemical technology（ oxygen filling, filtration） and ecological technology（ aquatic plant pond,ecological oxidation pond,surface flow wetland） on landscape water purification and maintenance,compared the characteristics of different purification processes and evaluated the purification effects of various process units,based on the actual ecological purification engineering of the water quality maintenance of landscape water. The results demonstrated that the aeration/filtration,aquatic plant pond,ecological oxidation pond and surface flow wetland all had obvious water purification effects,the aeration/filtration unit had the best turbidity removal effect while the surface flow wetland,ecological oxidation pond and aquatic plant pond had the better removal effects on the organic pollutants and nutrients; the seasonality and water temperature had significant impact on the purification efficiency. Comparing different ecological purification processes,it was indicated that the aeration/filtration-aquatic plant pond-surface flow wetland had better removal effects on turbidity while the aeration/filtration-ecological oxidation pond-surface flow wetland had better removal effects on the organic pollutants and nutrients. During the time of stable operation,the average removal rates of turbidity,COD_（Mn）,chlorophyll-a,TN,TP of the two sets of ecological purification processes were 43. 14% and 35. 45%,24. 77% and 27. 77%,17. 72% and 24. 06%,29. 94% and 36. 65%,22. 63% and 33. 60%,respectively.