两难情境下小学儿童道德决策行为的影响因素分析

An Analysis of Influence Factors of Primary School Children's Moral Dilemma Decision-making

目的 :探究小学儿童道德两难决策行为的主要影响因素及其道德发展水平。方法 :采用道德两难研究经典范式和个人访谈法考察不同情境下小学儿童的道德对策行为。结果 :1.从"集体目标-个人目标"类和"保护他人—自我牺牲"类两难故事的道德决策行为上看,城区儿童组的道德发展水平总体高于乡镇儿童组,从"亲缘保护—违法行为"的两难故事上看,两者的道德发展水平没有显著差异。2.三类两难故事的道德决策行为都显示担任学生干部的儿童道德发展水平均显著高于另一组。结论:儿童道德发展表现为阶段性和层级结构,班级角色、学生来源地城乡差异、年级是儿童道德决策行为的主要影响因素。

Objective：To explore the influence factors of primary school children＇s moral dilemma decision-making and their moral development levels.Methods： the countermeasures of primary school children＇s behaviors under the natural condition were investigated by using moral dilemma paradigm and the individual interview. Results：1） Seen from such types of dilemma of ＂group goal—personal goal＂and ＂protection of others—self-sacrifice＂, their moral decision-making behaviors show that urban children＇s moral development level is higher than that of rural children. However, there is no remarkable difference between their moral development levels by analyzing the dilemma of ＂genetic protection and illegal behavior＂.2） Their decision-making behaviors also show that the children acting as class leaders have significantly higher moral development level than the children without acting as class leadersinthe same three kinds of moral dilemma stories. Conclusion： Children＇s moral develops step by step,thus constituting a hierarchical structure. class role,urban-ruraldifferenceand grade are influencing factors of moral development. School education needs to enrich current moral education contents to cultivate the consciousness and ability of primary school children＇s moral decision-makingbehaviors.