国际规则的灵活性机制初探——以丝绸之路经济带能源合作为例

On the Flexible Mechanisms of International Rules:The Case of Energy Cooperation along the Silk Road Economic Belt

如何灵活地设计国际规则以最大限度地维护国家利益,是每一个国家尤其是崛起大国的必修课。中国在推进丝绸之路经济带能源合作中面临着国际法设计问题,尤其是如何运用灵活性机制来平衡和包容各方不同的利益诉求,从而解决国际合作的规则保障问题。中国与丝绸之路经济带沿线国家的能源合作以双边条约为主要规则形式,多采用高承诺水平、低执行机制的设计,虽具有一些灵活性安排,但总体仍较为单一。中国双边优先、承诺优先的实践模式明确了合作的重点,但又充分尊重各国的履约能力,表明中国实体先于程序、舒适度先于稳定性的国际法理念。

How to flexibly design international rules to maximize national interests is a compulsory course for every country,especially for rising powers. China is faced with the problem of designing international rules in promoting the energy cooperation of the Silk Road Economic Belt,especially the one of how to use a flexible mechanism to balance and accommodate the divergent interests of all parties,so as to solve the problem of the protection by rules in the international cooperation. The energy cooperation between China and the countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt takes bilateral treaties as the main form of rules,mainly using the design for a mechanism characterized by deep commitment but weak enforcement with some flexible arrangements; overall,it is still relatively simple. China's practice model that puts bilateralism and commitments first clearly define the emphases of the cooperation with all due respect for the capacity of pertinent countries to fulfill their commitments,indicating China's concepts of international law in which substance takes precedence over procedure and comfortability prevails over stability.