从现代科学的诞生看拉康“实在界”的基本内涵

On the Basic Connotation of Lacan's “the Real” from the Birth of Modern Science

作为一种"符号体系"的现代科学,通过与"经验领域"及"实在领域"的断裂和基于纯粹理性的"数学筹划",为自身赢得了独立与自治。拉康以此为参照,将人类的现实世界理解为"想象界、符号界和实在界"三个辖域共同组成的拓扑结构。其中,作为三元组核心的实在界之基本内涵,可从现实内外两个方面来加以把握。绝对外在于人类现实的"实在",既包括被现代科学所排除的"物性实在",也包括人自身之中的"生命实在",此内涵可大致对应于拉康的"原物"(das Ding)。现实之内的"实在"则体现为一种基础性的僵局或悖论,即,以语言为基础的现实世界既无法得到"实在",也无法挣脱"实在",此僵局可具体化为拉康的"客体小a"(objet petit a)。

Modern science that is a 'symbol system' found on the pure reason has won its independence and autonomy by virtue of breaking with 'the imaginary' and 'the real'. From this perspective, Lacan considered the reality as a topological structure constituted by three registers which are the real, the imaginary and the symbolic. The basic connotation of the real as the core of this topological structure can be grasped at both inside and outside the reality. On the one hand, the real that is absolutely external to the human reality includes both the 'physical real' excluded by modern science and the 'human real' inherent in the human life, this connotation can roughly correspond to 'das Ding'. On the other hand, the real is represented as a fundamental impasse or paradox in reality, that is, the reality based on the language cannot get 'the real',nor can it get rid of it, the form of this impasse is 'Objet petit a'.