再论中国古典学重建问题——以列子时代考订与《列子》八篇真伪之辨为例

On the Reconstruction of Chinese Classics by Distinguishing the Age of Lie Zi and the Authenticity of Eight Articles of Liezi

自1935年5月冯友兰陆续阐发的"信古、疑古、释古"说,曾在中国学术界引发长期的争议,并直接影响到20世纪90年代以来中国古典学理论的建构。从中国学术史上有关列子时代考订和《列子》八篇的真伪之辨,可以清晰地看出,除了明清民国时期,存在极端疑古的不良倾向外,总体而论,从信中有疑到考而后疑与考而后信两种倾向并存,"信"与"疑"始终没有呈现出绝对的分离状态。简单地将"信"和"疑"对立起来,注定很难准确揭示出纷繁复杂的古史、古书的历史实际,自然也很难谈到在真实可信的史料基础上进行古典学重建问题。新时期学术界关于浙大简、清华简、北大简真伪的激烈论辩,为新时期中国古典学的重建问题提出一极有价值的启示:对古史古书的审查,是重建古典学的基础,不对新旧史料进行科学的"澄滤",曲解与割裂信古、疑古、释古之间的关系,必会将中国古典学重建引向新的误区。

Feng Youlan elucidated the theory of 'belief in ancient classics, doubt ancient classics, interpretation ancient classics' in May 1935, which has caused long-term controversy in Chinese academia and directly affected the construction of Chinese classical theory since the 1990 s. You can clearly see the extreme negative tendency apart from Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China by distinguishing the age of Lie Zi and the authenticity of eight articles of Liezi in the history of Chinese scholars. In general, 'belief' and'doubt' has never shown an absolute separation of the state though the two tendencies coexist of 'belief-doubt' or 'textual-doubt'. It is difficult to accurately reveal the historical reality of ancient history and ancient books, and it is difficult to talk about the reconstruction of classical studies on the basis of authentic and credible historical data.If you are simply 'belief' and 'doubt' against each other, you will be very difficult to accurately reveal the complex ancient history, the ancient book of historical reality. Naturally it is difficult to talk about the reconstruct the problem of classical studies in the historical basis of authentic. In the new period, the academic circles have made a very valuable enlightenment for the reconstruction of China classics by the fierce debate about the bamboo slips in Zhejiang University and Tsinghua University. The review of ancient history books is the basis for the reconstruction of classical studies. It will lead the new errors for the reconstruction of Chinese classical if you don't scientifically clarify and filter or misinterpret the old and new historical materials so far as to separate the relationship between the believe in the ancient,doubt the ancient or interpret the ancient.