运动员赛前心理波动的防控——以摔跤为例

Prevention and Control of the Athletes' Psychological Fluctuation before Competition——Take the Wrestling as an Example

对抗性项目运动是人与人直接接触,对抗性激烈,竞争性强,比赛中既有力量的较量也有智慧的相争,具备良好的心理状态,是在大型比赛中取得优异成绩的关键因素,要想夺取全国冠军、亚洲冠军和在世界级比赛中取得好的运动成绩,靠实力,但也靠良好的心理状态来促进体、技战术水平,身体素质潜力的充分发挥。通过实际例子说明优秀运动员心理水平在比赛中的重要性,提出比赛环境、比赛对手和比赛的胜负是运动员赛前心理变化和情绪波动的影响因素;总结出加强理论学习和思想教育、教学比赛和实战、观看比赛和训练录像、音乐放松、赛前心理的动员等方法和手段,旨在保证运动员在比赛中发挥水平,打出好成绩,实现赛前预定的比赛任务和指标。

The adversarial sport is a confrontational and competitive game with direct contact,strength and intelligence contest among athletes. A good mentality is the main indicator of influencing the achievement of excellent results in large-scale events. In order to win the national championships,Asian champions or world-class achievements,it depends on not only the strength,but also the good mentality for promoting full play to physical ability,technique and tactics,the potential of physical quality. The importance of psychological level for the elite athletes in competition is illustrated by practical examples. The paper indicates the influencing factors of the athletespsychological fluctuation relate to the match environment,opponents and outcomes. It sums up some methods and means as follows： to strengthen the theoretical study and ideological education,to enhance the teaching competition and practice,to watch the matches and training videos,to take advantage of relaxing music,to do the psychological mobilization before competition. The purpose is to ensure the athletes play their performance,achieve good results,realize the expectant match tasks and targets.