基于GIS的重庆市开县乡村聚落空间分布特征影响因素初探

The Spatial Distribution of Rural Settlements Based on GIS in Kai County of Chongqing City

地形坡度作为影响山区乡村聚落空间格局的重要因素之一,是小尺度人居环境自然评价的重要指标.本研究以重庆市开县为研究对象,2009年第二次全国土地调查数据和2009年重庆市开县1∶50 000数字高程图(DEM)为数据源,利用GIS空间分析方法和相关性分析法(Pearson),研究不同坡度下乡村聚落空间的分布格局.结果表明:开县整体的乡村聚落空间分布表现为集中在西南区域,距离县城越近分布聚落越多的特征;相关性结果证明,坡度对该区域乡村聚落空间分布有显著影响,在0°~20°坡度带内坡度与乡村聚落个数呈正相关关系,而大于20°~82°坡度带内呈现负相关关系,乡村聚落集中分布在10°~20°的坡度范围内;同时,水文因素、社会经济以及政策条件等共同影响着乡村聚落的空间分布和发展.

As one of the main influential factors of the spatial pattern in rural settlement, mountain slope is an important indicator of the prediction on small scale natural environment evaluation. This study is based on the data of the second national land survey in 2009 and the 1 ： 50 000 digital elevation map of Kai county, Chongqing city, Geographic Information System （GIS） and pearson correlation method are employed to give a precise analysis on spatial distribution pattern of rural settlement in different mountain slopes. The results show that, the distribution of rural settlements is concentrated in the southwest of Kai county, and the settlements are mostly close to the county town. In addition, the slope of the mountain plays a key role in the distribution of rural settlement, especially the number of rural settlements are positively related to slope with the increasing of slope in the range of 0°- 20°, the trend becomes negative afterwards in the range of 20°-82°. Besides, the number of rural settlements at the slope of 10° -20°are significantly higher. Furthermore, the spatial distribution and development of rural settlements are governed by a combination of environment, economy and policies from the government.