观察渗透理论的心理学基础探析

Analysis of Psychological Basis of Theory-Ladenness of Observation

心理学成就构成观察渗透理论论证的基石。汉森、库恩关于观察渗透理论的思想同样如此。但两人所利用的格式塔心理学并不导致否认科学合理性的相对主义,因为格式塔心理学家的哲学基础是表征实在论。邱奇兰德的观察渗透理论及脑科学的最近研究表明,观察确实渗透理论,但这并不否认科学的合理性。科学的社会建构论不可靠。

The achievements of psychology are crucial experiential evidences of the Theory-Ladenness of Observation. Hanson＇ s and Kuhn＇ s theory on Theory-Ladenness of Observation is also such. However, Gestalt psychology which Hanson and Kuhn utilize to develop the Theory-Ladenness of Observation doesn＇ t lead to scientific relativism that denies the rationality of science, because the basis of Gestalt psychologist is representative realism. Churchland＇ s Theory-Ladenness of Observation and the newly investigations of brain science indicates that observa- tion does theory-laden, however, this doesn＇t deny both the rationality of science and the objectivity of observation. So the relativism of Kuhn and Social Constructivist are not reliable.