转基因食物：不确定性，信任与责任

Transgenic Food:Uncertainty,Trust and Responsibility

那些正式通过的与转基因食物有关的规定,被期待能够给予那些一直认为被批准售卖的产品是安全的消费者以安全保障。大多数科学家一致认同转基因农作物的安全性。然而,对健康风险作出的相互矛盾的报道,与出现在科学文献中的那些转基因农作物联系在了一起。这样一来,人们都赞同这样一种结论,即风险评估也具有科学不确定性,并且,这种科学不确定性需要的不仅仅是科学知识。要建立并解决科学内在的不确定性与来自普通消费者所要求的安全感之间的争论,科学共同体连同业界、政策制定者一起,应该创建一个开放的、具有自我反思性的、兼顾了多个学科背景的技术评估程序,并且,这个技术评估是,经由不同社会参与者们所构成的社会知识再综合形成的科学知识而做出的技术评估。尤其是参与其中的科学共同体,还应该坦承转基因农作物的一些不确定性和风险性的存在,并保证有关转基因农作物的研究不受那些大公司地位的左右。从某种程度上来说,一些研究机构所委任完成的科学知识的增长应该促使把这些研究机构本身当作一个新的讨论事情的聚集点,并使民众能获得有建立民主管理的可能性的必要工具,使他们能够通过生物学创新,在现在和未来两者间作出选择,并能够成为知识社会中的积极参与者。

The officially authorized regulations concerning trans-genetic foodstuff are su food safety of consumers who presume that products permitted to sell are safe. The majority of scientists agree on the safety of trans-genetic foodstuff. Nevertheless, when the contradictory reports concerning health risks are associated with trans-genetic foodstuff mentioned in scientific literature, people tend to agree that risk assessments also carry the uncertainty of science, which requies more than scientific knowledge. To establish the debate between the inherent uncertainty of science and a sense of safety the regular consumers demand, the science community, the business community concerned and the policy makers are supposed to establish an assessment mechanism that is open, self-reflexive and coordinative with various scholastic backgrounds. And this mechanism should be based on scien- tific knowledge derived from social knowledge from the social participants, especially on the part of the scientific community. This mechanism is also supposed to disclose the existence of related uncertainties and risks, and guarantee that the researches of trans-genetic foodstuff are not controlled by business giants. In a certain measure, the of scientific knowledge entrusted with scientific institutions should facilitate the scientific institutions becoming a new focal point the options of making of discussion and entitle people with the possibility of establishing democratic management, choices between the present and the future, and the opportunities of proactively participating in the knowledge based society.