獭兔与大耳白兔毛纤维的形态计量学鉴别

Morphometric Discrimination Between Rex and White Rabbit Fur

獭兔皮和大耳白兔皮是毛皮市场中最为常见的制裘和毛皮辅料原料之一,尤其是獭兔皮由于其质优价廉、用途广泛深受商家和消费者的喜爱。大耳白兔是以肉用为主,皮用为辅的一种家兔品种,其毛皮质量、市场价格与獭兔皮差距较大。由于獭兔与大耳白兔均为欧洲穴兔驯化而来的不同家兔品种,被毛特征具有较高的相似度,尤其皮张经过剪针等特殊工艺处理后,两者的宏观特征难以识别。本文通过对獭兔和大耳白兔针毛与绒毛的毛长度、毛细度、髓质细度、髓质指数、单位长度内毛鳞片数量等10个毛纤维数量化指标进行测定,建立最优判别函数,运用针毛和绒毛的显微数量化特征得到2个品种的正确回判率为89.5%和76.9%,对"剪针"处理的样本的判别为79.2%。该方法不仅可以有效地对獭兔皮和大耳白兔皮具有较高的正确回判率,同时为基于毛发形态对亲缘关系较近的物种的鉴别提供了科学参考。

The fur of rex rabbit and white rabbit are common raw materials in manufacture of fur garments and accessories of cloth in the fur industry. Rex rabbit is preferred by merchants and consumers because of its high quality, competitive price, and versatility. In contrast, white rabbit is mainly used for meat production, the quality and price of white rabbit fur is much lower than that of rex rabbit. However, their pelage traits are similar because of their close genetic relationship. Both species were developed from European rabbits（ Oryctolagus cuniculus）. It is difficult to identify breeds of rabbit by macroscopic characteristics of pelage, especially when fur has been trimmed. In this study, we measured 10 quantitative indexes of hair including hair length, maximum hair width, hair width at root, hair medulla width, the number of scales in 50 μm of hair length, the length of scales and calculated medulla index. We established the optimal discriminant function based on these measurements. Discrimination accuracy for guard hair and under hair were 89.5% and 76.9% respectively, the discrimination accuracy of the trimmed pelage was 79. 2%. This method enables accurate discrimination between rex rabbit fur and white rabbit fur, and provides a scientific reference for the identification of the species with relatively closed genetic relationship based on the hair morphological features.