江西南矶保护区越冬期湿地水鸟群落多样性及种多度关系

Community Diversity and Species Abundance of Wintering Waterbirds in Nanji National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi

为了深入掌握越冬期湿地水鸟群落多样性及种-多度关系,2016年1月采用定点直接计数法对南矶保护区越冬期湿地水鸟群落进行了监测分析。结果显示:(1)南矶保护区共记录有越冬的湿地水鸟6目12科24种;物种组成以雁形目和鹤形目鸟种最多(54.16%),其次为鸻形目和鹳形目(33.34%);区系分布以古北种为主(70.83%),其次是广布种(20.83%);居留型以冬候鸟占绝对优势(75.00%),其次为留鸟(25.00%);生态类群以涉禽(54.17%)和游禽(41.67%)占绝对优势;绝大部分湿地水鸟种类受到关注,37.50%的鸟种处于受胁状态,45.83%的鸟种已引起关注并被列入保护状态;(2)鸟类群落的多样性指数为0.641 1,均匀度指数为0.201 7;(3)鸟类群落的种-多度关系呈对数正态分布。进一步分析表明,特殊的动物地理分布区和特有的水域环境是该区域越冬期湿地水鸟群落多样性与种多度形成的主要因素。

We studied species abundance and species diversity of wintering wetland waterbirds at Nanji National Nature Reserve by fixed point counting method in January 2016. We recorded 24 species of waterbirds of 12 families and 6 orders; Anseriforms and gruiform were dominant （54%）, followed by charadriiforms and ciconiiforms （33%）; Palaearctic species were most abundant （71%）, followed by widespread species（21% ）. Wintering birds（75% ） were most abundant, followed by residents （25%） Grallatores were most abundant （54%）, followed by natatores （42%）. Many recorded species are of conservation concern, with 38% of species endangered and 46% listed as protected. Species a -diversity was 0. 641 1 and evenness was 0.201 7. Species abundance exhibited a logarithmic normal distribution. Zoogeographic regions and typical aquatic environment were the important factors influencing species abundance and diversity.