黑水鸡在青岛李沧公园内年繁殖3次的发现与探究

Discovery and Reasons for a Moorhen Raising Three Consecutive Broods in Licang Park of Qingdao,China

黑水鸡(Gallinula chloropus)分布甚广,又多为常见种。在中国黑水鸡繁殖在长江以北的广大区域,且1 a繁殖1次,至今尚未见到1 a繁殖2次以上的报道。2013~2016年,连续4 a在青岛李沧公园不足2 hm^2的人工湖内观察到黑水鸡繁殖,于2016年4月和6月有2对亲鸟成功地各繁殖2窝,2次产卵和孵化出雏鸟数均达到6枚/只以上,而其中1对老黑水鸡(F1)又于当年7月繁殖第3窝,产下3枚卵并孵出3只雏鸟。2繁殖对1 a内共繁殖5窝,存活24只雏鸟,实现每年85.7%的雏鸟成活率,创下了该鸟在中国年繁殖3次的新纪录。探究其原因,青岛李沧公园为黑水鸡的繁殖提供了适宜的水草岛环境和丰富的天然食物并赋予了恰当的人为保护、补食、破冰等措施,才使得黑水鸡成功地得以年繁殖2次乃至3次。作者希望其他公园效仿李沧公园的做法招引更多黑水鸡或其他野生鸟类,创建人鸟共欢的都市乐园。

Moorhen（ Gallinula chloropus）is distributed widely in the world, its breeding grounds in China accounts for the general area of north of the Yangtze River. Generally, Moorhen breed once each year; There are no reported cases of Moorhens breed twice in one year. The author recorded Moorhen breeding in an artificial lake with area of less than 2 hm2 for four consecutive years from 2013 to 2016 in Qingdao Licang Park. In April and June of 2016, two pairs of parent birds each succeeded in rearing two broods, and more than six eggs were laid and all hatched in all broods. One pair reared a third brood in July 2016 with 3 eggs and 3 chicks. The survival rate of 5 broods from two breeding pairs was 85.7% in 2016. This is a new record of moorhens rearing three broods in one year in China. The reasons have been detected as appropriate habitat, rich natural food and artificial protection, feeding, and icebreaking service as the necessary care for the moorhen in the Park. And the author wish that other city parks could follow the example of Qingdao Licang Park to reform environment of the park for the wildlife.