长期陪伴服务:社会工作专业服务的批判与反思

Long-term Accompanying Service:Reflection on the Specialization in Social Work

自2006年以来,中国专业社会工作经历了快速发展的10年,一方面专业服务的范围和领域不断扩展;另一方面服务专业性的困惑和理论诉求越来越明显,尤其精神病人社区康复服务领域,这一矛盾更为突出。本研究跟踪深圳市南山区慢性病防治院的主动式社区治疗,这种访视社区重性精神病人的长期陪伴服务,发现:1.长期陪伴服务具有时间跨度较长、场景特征明显、服务焦点生活化、服务方式综合化和服务关系朋友化的特点,与专业推崇的目标清晰、成效明显的短期聚焦服务不同;2.长期陪伴服务是关注服务对象日常生活技能提升和社会歧视消除的场景服务,有自己的专业要求,是另一种专业的社会工作服务;3.中国本土专业社会工作采取的是试点推进的场景服务,作为场景服务的典型代表——长期陪伴服务,是本土社会工作成就自身专业性的最好方式。本研究的结论有利于本土社会工作者反思专业服务的标准,拓宽专业服务的视野。

Since 2006,China is undergoing a rapid growth in social work. In contrast with the rapid expansion of thescopes and fields for social work,the need for specialization in social work is creasing. Especially in mental health service in community,this demand is even higher. This article is intended to study a project on mental health in community called Assertive community treatment carried out in Shenzhen for 4 years,and finds that： 1. the longstanding accompanying service is different from the short-term services; 2. the longstanding accompanying service is another kind of specialized social work; 3. the longstanding accompanying service is the best way for Chinese social workers to promote specialization of social work.