深圳市光明新区大理石家具行业粉尘危害现状及劳动者健康状况

Analysis on dust hazard situation and health status of workers in marble furniture industry in Guangming New District of Shenzhen City

目的了解深圳市光明新区大理石家具企业粉尘危害现状和劳动者健康状况,为该行业制定粉尘防制措施提供依据。方法对7家大理石家具企业的作业场所和191名接尘劳动者进行调查。结果 7家大理石家具企业作业场所中粉尘游离二氧化硅含量均高于10%,干磨工种粉尘浓度为4.26 mg/m^3,高于开料(0.81 mg/m^3)和湿磨工种(0.68 mg/m^3),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);191名劳动者有咳嗽、口干、喉痛等症状的64人,心电图异常11人,肺功能异常13人,胸片异常18人。不同工种、工龄和年龄的劳动者出现咳嗽、口干、喉痛等症状的概率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同工龄的劳动者肺功能异常率和胸片异常率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同年龄的劳动者肺功能异常率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 7家大理石家具企业作业场所干磨岗位矽尘危害较重,对工人健康造成损害。需要增加通风除尘设施;要加强对接尘劳动者的粉尘和尘肺知识培训,保证劳动者佩戴防尘口罩。

[Objective]To explore the dust hazards in marble furniture enterprises in Guangming New District of Shenzhen City,analyze the health status of workers. [Methods]The workshops of 7 marble furniture enterprises and 191 dust-exposed workers were investigated. [Results]The dust concentrations of free dry silica in the workplace of 7 marble furniture enterprises were higher r than10%,and the dust concentration of dry grinding post was 4.26 mg/m3,which was higher than that of cutting material post（0.81 mg/m3）and wet grinding post（0.68 mg/m3）,and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Among the 191 workers,64 people had the symptoms of cough,dry mouth,and sore throat,11 people appeared the abnormal results of ECG,13 people had abnormal lung function,and 18 people had chest radiography abnormalities. The differences in rate of cough,dry mouth and sore throat symptoms were statistically significant among different groups in working type,working years and age（P 〈0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in rate of abnormal lung function and chest radiography abnormalities among different groups of working years（P 〈0.05）,and the difference in rate of abnormal lung function was statistically significant among different age groups（P 〈0.05）.[Conclusion]In the 7 marble furniture enterprises,the silica dust in the dry grinding post is serious,which the ventilation and dust removal facilities are required. It is necessary to strengthen the health education about dust and pneumoconiosis knowledge among dust-exposed workers,and ensure that workers wear dust masks.