内源性干细胞在神经变性疾病中的增殖、分化及调节

Proliferation,differentiation and regulation of endogenous stem cells in neurodegenerative diseases

中枢神经系统内存在可以再生及分化的神经干细胞,主要集中于侧脑室外侧壁的室下带(subventricular zone,SVZ)及海马齿状回的颗粒层(subgranular zone,SGZ)这两个内源性神经干细胞富集区,可以在某一特定的条件下被激活,并分化成为具有一特定功能的神经细胞,这一重要发现为利用其再生及分化能力代偿神经系统变性疾病丢失的神经元功能提供了可能性。目前很多研究通过尸检及动物实验证实,包括帕金森病、亨廷顿舞蹈病、阿尔兹海默症、脊髓侧索硬化症在内的多种神经系统变性疾病中脑损伤部位存在神经干细胞的增殖、迁移及分化,而多种因素有助于调节这种神经再生过程,包括一些涉及氧化应激过程的炎性因子、神经营养因子家族及中枢神经系统的神经递质成分,这些因素也为一些难治性神经系统变性疾病提供了可能的治疗策略,我们就内源性神经干细胞与神经系统变形疾病的关系及其可能的调节因素做一概述。

The neural stem cells can be regenerated and differentiated in the central nervous system. The neural stem cells main- ly concentrate in the subventricular zone （SVZ） of the lateral lateral ventricle and the granular layer （SGZ） in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. They can be activated under certain conditions and differentiate into neurons with a specific function. This important finding offers the possibility to use the ability of its regeneration and differentiation to compensate for the loss of neu- ronal function in neurological degenerative diseases. Many studies have confirmed by autopsy and animal experiments,there are neural stem cell proliferation, migration and differentiation in the brain injury site of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases,in- cluding Parkinson＇s disease, Huntington＇s disease, Alzheimer＇s disease, and spinal cord lateral sclerosis. Several factors contribute to the regulation of this process, including inflammatory factors involved in the process of oxidative stress, neurotrophic factor fam- ily and neurotransmitter components of the central nervous system. These factors also provide a possible therapeutic strategy for some refractory neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper,the relationship between endogenous neural stem cells and nervous system deformation disorders and its possible regulatory factors are summarized.