油气管道全生命周期安全监测预警探析

Analysis on Safety Monitoring and Early Warning on Oil/Gas Pipelines

基于国内外油气管道安全事故统计分析,指出管道事故主要致因为外部干扰、腐蚀、材料失效以及自然灾害,其中第三方损坏是我国管道失效事故首要因素,提出应开展全生命周期管道安全监测预警进行风险防控,从源头做好风险防控和失效防护;分析国内外管道安全监测预警技术与管理现状,探讨监测预警技术对全生命周期管道安全监测预警的适用性、可行性、经济性,提出光纤传感、声波、视频安防、地质灾害监测、腐蚀监测等对油气管道风险防控具有较高的适用性和经济性;应加强管道安全预警技术性能评估方法和适用性准则研究,建立涵盖技术选择、系统设计、建设施工、运行评价的综合监测预警管理体系和运行机制,并有效纳入管道完整性管理体系范畴。

Main reasons of pipeline accidents were analyzed based on oil and gas pipeline safety accident statistics at home and abroad, such as third party damage, natural and geological disasters, corrosion and material failure. The third party damage was the primary factor of pipeline failure in China, and the whole life cycle pipeline safety monitoring and early warning should be carried out for risk prevention and control from the sources. Current situation of pipeline safety monitoring and early warning was analyzed, as well as the applicability, feasibility and economy of various monitoring techniques, in which the optical fiber sensing monitoring, sound monitoring, video monitoring, geological disaster monitoring and corrosion monitoring were most applicable technology for full life cycle pipeline risk prevention. The research on the evaluation method and applicability criterion of pipeline safety early warning technology should be strengthened. The comprehensive monitoring and early warning management system including technology selection, system design, construction and operation evaluation should be established and effectively incorporated into the pipeline integrity management system.