乡村社会关系网络与中国村庄规划范式的探讨

A STUDY ON THE RURAL SOCIAL NETWORK AND PLANNING PARADIGM OF VILLAGES IN CHINA

当下村庄规划大都借鉴城市规划,是基于精英决策的理性规划模式,造成了诸多问题。规划本质上是在特定社会条件下,对主体需求的制度安排。村庄的主体结构及其行为特征都不同于城市,这将重组规划的假设和前置条件,因此村庄规划与城市规划的范式存在显著差异。本文通过借鉴西方城市规划理论的范式发展历程,并结合中国村庄的特质,指出乡村社会关系网络的重要性,并认为村庄规划是基于内生秩序的沟通规划。村庄规划应注重社会关系,促进沟通、协调和共识构建,规划师也要调整自身的角色。

Current village planning mostly draws on experience from urban planning, which is based on the rational planning model of elite decision-making, resulting in many problems. Essentially, planning is a kind of institutional arrangement based on the demands of actors under certain social context. Since actors and their behaviors in villages are far different from those in cities, which will reorganize the assumptions and prerequisites of planning, the paradigm of village planning is prominently distinct from urban planning. This paper figures out the significance of social network and argues that village planning is a kind of communicative planning based on endogenous order, by referring to the paradigm development course of the Western urban planning theories and the features of Chinese villages. In conclusion, it is stressed that village planning should focus on social network, promotion on communication, coordination, and consensus- building, and adjustment of the role that played by planners.