有机肥在油-稻轮作田块对油菜生长和土壤肥力的影响

Effects of organic fertilizer on rape growth and soil fertility in rape-rice rotation field

研究旨在探明油菜-水稻轮作制田块油菜季单施有机肥,油菜获得最高经济产量时田块有机肥的最佳施用量,为田块两熟制土壤培肥过程中采用有机肥在油菜季一次施用多年利用技术提供理论依据。试验在金华市蒋堂农业科学试验站进行,试验设:油菜、水稻不施肥对照处理(CK);油菜、水稻常规施化肥对照处理(CF);油菜施有机肥15 t/hm^2(T1)、30 t/hm^2(T2)、45 t/hm^2(T3)、60 t/hm^2(T4)、75 t/hm^2(T5),水稻均不施肥。共7个处理。结果表明,单施有机肥油菜经济产量最高,为2 300 kg/hm^2,比CK增产185%,比CF增产11.4%,油菜氮、磷、钾养分总吸收量最高,分别为87.2、34.7、146 kg/hm^2,分别比CK增加224%、427%、477%,分别比CF增加10.7%、230%、175%,以经济产量为依据,试验条件下油菜季单施有机肥的最佳施用量为60 t/hm^2;有机肥施用一年后,土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、阳离子交换量均不同程度增加,且有机肥用量达到60 t/hm^2后各肥力值与CK比较均达显著差异。

The study aimed to prove the optimum application amount of organic fertilizer when rape could obtain the maximum economic yield in rape-rice cropping system with application of organic fertilizer only in rape season. A field experiment was carried out at Jiangtang agricultural experiment station,Jinhua city,Zhejiang province,China. Seven treatments were set up,including rape no fertilization（CK）; rape conventional fertilizer（CF）; rape single organic fertilizer 15 t/hm2（T1）,30 t/hm2（T2）,45 t/hm2（T3）,60 t/hm2（T4）,75 t/hm2（T5）. The results showed that with single application of organic fertilizer the highest rape yield was 2 300 kg/hm2,which was increased by 185% than CK,11. 4% than CF. The highest rape nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorption were 87. 2,34. 7,146 kg/hm2,which were 224%,427%,477%higher than those of CK and 10. 7%,230%,175% than those of CF. The optimum application amount in the test conditions with single application of organic fertilizer for planting rape was 60 t/hm2. After one year organic fertilizer application,soil pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and cation exchange capacity were all different degrees of increased, and when the organic fertilizer reached60 t/hm2,the fertility values had significant difference than CK.