加里·斯奈德神话长诗中的“寒山—禅—生态”命题研究

Exploration of the Thesis of Han Shan-Chan-Ecology in Gary Snyder’s Mythical Long Poems

“寒山-禅-生态”能否视为加里·斯奈德作品中的创意诗学传统是学术界在20世纪70年代提出的一个命题。本文对该命题进行逻辑论证，认为它是一个有意义的连续体。根据复调神话的观点，基于长诗《神话与文本》的分析，本文认为诗人在东西方文化传统中所寻觅的各种代理人或集体生命力构成了一个多声部的“神话”与“文本”，伴随着诗人或“我”开启了寒山式英雄传奇之旅或悟道之行。在这个创意诗学传统中，寒山只是一个引子，禅宗所蕴含的生态哲理思想则是内核，对解决当今一些生态危机问题是一剂良好的疗方；其叙事模式有助于诗人在创作中达到“孵化一个新神话”的目的。

Whether ＂Han Shan-Chan-Ecology＂ should be regarded as a creative poetic tradition in the corpus of Gary Snyder＇s works is a thesis which came to the fore in the 1970s by the academia. This paper attempts to examine its legitimation as a meaningful continuum. Based on polymyth viewpoints, through the analysis of his long sequence Myths ＆ Texts, the paper contends that various agents or the collective life force Snyder seeks from the Oriental and Occidental traditions have become multiple voices of ＂myths＂ and ＂texts＂ in his works, which make the poet or the persona ＂I＂ start a Hanshanian heroic romance or a journey to enlightenment. Within such a poetic tradition, Hart Shah is only treated as an introductory hero, whereas Chan is kept as the foreground due to its embedded ecological thoughts, which serve as a good remedy for solving some contemporary problems caused by ecological crisis. Its narrative mode also helps the poet achieve his goal of ＂hatching a new myth＂ in his literary production.