2011-2015年新疆昌吉回族自治州出生缺陷监测与流行病学分析

Birth defects minitoring and epidemiological analysis in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang from 2011 to 2015

目的根据2011-2015年昌吉回族自治州七县市上报的出生缺陷数据,分析其出生缺陷的发生情况及相关因素,探索降低出生缺陷发生的干预措施。方法对2011-2015年昌吉回族自治州七县市计划生育服务机构、妇幼保健机构及疾病预防控制中心上报的数据资料进行统计分析。结果 2011-2015年昌吉州报告出生缺陷人数为484例,出生缺陷发生率为7.93‰,各年出生缺陷发生率总体呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=74.40,P=0.000);出生缺陷发生率位于前5位的出生缺陷分别为多指(趾)、唇腭裂、先天性心脏病、脑积水、神经管畸形;汉族和少数民族出生缺陷发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.89,P=0.17);农村出生缺陷发生率高于城市,经逐年χ~2检验,2011年和2014年差异有统计学意义,而其他3年无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论做好出生缺陷监测工作,加强出生缺陷三级预防是降低出生缺陷发生的必要措施。

Objective According to the reported birth defects data from seven cities in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture from 2011 to 2015,analyze the prevalence and related factors of birth defects and explore intervention measures to reduce the incidence rate of birth defects. Methods Statistical analysis was carried out on reported data from the family planning service institutions,maternal and child health care institutions,and centers for disease control and prevention of seven cities in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture from 2011 to 2015. Results From 2011 to 2015,the average incidence rate of birth defects was 7. 93‰（ 484 cases） in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture,which showed a decreasing trend generally,and there was statistically significant difference（ χ^2= 74. 40,P = 0. 000）. The top five diseases with high incidence rate were polydactylism,cleft lip and palate,congenital heart diseases,hydrocephalus,and neural tube defects; there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of birth defects between Han population and ethnic minorities（ χ^2= 1. 89,P =0. 17）; the incidence rate of birth defects in rural area was higher than that in urban area,χ^2 test showed that the difference of birth defects in 2011 and 2014 was significant,the difference among other years was not significant（ P〉0. 05）. Conclusion Good birth defects monitoring and strengthening tertiary prevention of birth defects are necessary measures to reduce birth defects.