妊娠期营养干预对降低巨大儿发生率和剖宫产率的影响

Effect of nutritional intervention during pregnancy on reducing the incidence rate of macrosomia and cesarean section rate

目的探讨妊娠期营养干预对降低巨大儿发生率和剖宫产率的影响。方法随机选取2013年1月-2016年10月该院接受孕产妇保健服务的6 150例孕妇作为观察组。另选取同期在该院住院待产的未接受任何专业妊娠期营养干预的3 270例孕妇作为对照组。比较两组孕妇总体剖宫产率、巨大儿发生率、巨大儿剖宫产率及妊娠期合并症发生率等。结果两组总体剖宫产率、巨大儿发生率及巨大儿剖宫产率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组胎膜早破、头盆不称、胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿窒息及产后出血发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组妊娠期高血压疾病和妊娠期糖尿病发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论妊娠期营养干预能够显著降低巨大儿发生率和巨大儿剖宫产率,并能减少妊娠期合并症和分娩并发症的发生率,能够显著改善妊娠结局。

Objective To explore the effect of nutritional intervention during pregnancy on reducing the incidence rate of macrosomia and cesarean section rate. Methods A total of 6 150 pregnant women who received maternal health care services in the hospital from January 2013 to October 2016 were randomly selected as observation group. A total of 3 270 pregnant women who did not receive any professional nutritional intervention in the hospital during the same period were selected as control group. Cesarean section rates,the incidence rates of macrosomia,cesarean section rates of macrosomia,and the incidence rates of pregnancy complications in the two groups were compared. Results There were statistically significant differences in cesarean section rate,the incidence rate of macrosomia,and cesarean section rate of macrosomia between the two groups（ P〈0. 05）. There were statistically significant differences in the incidence rates of premature rupture of membranes,cephalopelvic disproportion,fetal distress,neonatal asphyxia,and postpartum hemorrhage between the two groups（ P〈0. 05）.There were statistically significant differences in the incidence rates of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy（ HDCP） and gestational diabetes mellitus between the two groups. Conclusion Nutritional intervention during pregnancy can significantly reduce the incidence rate of macrosomia,cesarean section rate of macrosomia,incidence rates of pregnancy and delivery complications,so it can significantly improve pregnancy outcomes.