基于正六边形元胞自动机的行人疏散研究

Research on Pedestrian Evacuation Based on Hexagonal Cellular Automata

在分析、比较现有疏散仿真模型的基础上,提出一种基于正六边形元胞自动机的行人疏散模型。该模型中疏散空间被分成相等的正六边形,每个行人有包括静止在内的7个运动方向。给出速度等级的概念用来描述行人的疏散速度。在疏散过程中行人选择出口的决策由到出口的距离、视野内行人数量和密度决定。为展示恐慌心理对疏散过程的影响,定义了恐慌系数。通过实验仿真了有恐慌和无恐慌2种情景下的疏散过程,结果表明,该模型可真实地反映实际的疏散过程,可为真实的行人疏散和评估公共建筑设计起到一定的参考作用。

On the basis of analysing and comparing present evacuation simulation models, this paper proposes a new evacuation model based on hexagonal cellular automata for pedestrian panic. The evacuation space is divided into equal regular hexagon, each pedestrian has seven moving directions, including stationary. Velocity level is proposed to describe pedestrian movements. During evacuation process, the pedestrian decision-making of selecting exit is affected by the distance to the exits and the occupant number and density within the view field of the pedestrian. To show the impact of panic on evacuation, it defines the panic index in this model. The evacuation process is simulated by experiments in the case of without panic and panic. Results show that the proposed model can reproduce exactly the real evacuation process. It has definite reference effect for real pedestrian evacuation and public architectural design estimation.