齐齐哈尔市25周岁及以上双生子体型特征及影响因素分析

Body shape features and their influencing factors among twins aged 25 years and above in Qiqihar City

目的分析环境因素以及遗传因素对25岁及以上双生子的身高、体重、体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)等体型指标的影响。方法 2013年7月-2014年6月,采用整群随机抽样的方法,于齐齐哈尔市抽取205对25岁及以上双生子,并按不同卵型进行分组;应用t检验、χ~2检验、logistic回归等方法对双生子的身高、体重、BMI以及WHR等指标进行分析。结果不同卵型双生子的身高、体重、WHR经t检验,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),BMI差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。身高、体重、BMI以及WHR的遗传度分别为88.1%、90.9%、73.8%、40.4%。多因素分析结果显示,与男性相比,女性(OR=0.556,95%CI:0.324~0.841,P=0.003)的BMI较低;与年龄25~岁相比,35~岁(OR=1.539,95%CI:1.214~2.012,P=0.015)、年龄65~岁(OR=1.378,95%CI:1.004~1.932,P=0.047)的BMI较高;与体力活动较少相比,体力活动充足(OR=0.451,95%CI:0.079~0.875,P=0.017)的BMI较低;与初中及以下相比,受教育程度大专及以上(OR=0.617,95%CI:0.311~0.893,P=0.035)的BMI较低;与果蔬食用较少相比,果蔬食用较多(OR=0.713,95%CI:0.337~0.942,P=0.025)的BMI较低。与男性相比,女性(OR=0.656,95%CI:0.214~0.897,P=0.005)的WHR较低;与年龄25~岁相比,35~岁(OR=1.441,95%CI:1.032~1.957,P=0.022)、年龄65~岁(OR=1.247,95%CI:1.004~1.877,P=0.046)的WHR较高;与体力活动较少相比,体力活动充足(OR=0.323,95%CI:0.081~0.912,P=0.015)的WHR较低。结论双生子的身高、体重以及WHR与卵型有关;身高、体重、BMI受遗传因素影响较大,WHR受环境因素影响较大;双生子超重或肥胖与性别、年龄、体力活动、受教育程度、食用果蔬等因素有关;腹型肥胖主要受性别、年龄、体力活动等因素的影响。

Objective To analyze the effect of environmental and genetic factors on the height, weight, body mass index （BMI）, waist-hip ratio （WHR） and other body size indices of twins aged 25 years and above in Qiqihar City. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to select 205 pairs of twins aged 25 years and above in Qiqihar City from July 2013 to June 2014, and then they were grouped according to different types of eggs. t-test, chi-square test, logistic regression and other methods were involved to analyze the height, weight, BMI and WHR of the twins. Results t test revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the height, weight and WHR among the twins with different egg types （P〈0.05）, but no statistically significant difference was found in BMI （P〉0.05）. The heritability of height, weight, BMI and WHR were 88.1%, 90.9%, 73.8% and 40.4% respectively. Multifactor analysis showed that BMI was lower in the females than in the males （OR=0.556, 95%CI：0.324-0.841, P=0.003）, higher in the age groups of 35- years （OR=1.539, 95%CI：1.214-2.012, P=0.015） and 65- years（OR=1.378,95%CI：1.004-1.932, P=0.047）than in the age group of 25- years, lower in the group with sufficient physical activity than in the group with insufficient physical activity （OR=0.451, 95%CI：0.079-0.875, P=0.017）, lower in the group with an educational background of college degree and above than in the group with an educational background of junior middle school and below （OR=0.617, 95%CI：0.311-0.893, P=0.035）, and lower in the group with sufficient fruit and vegetable intake than in the group with insufficient fruit and vegetable intake（OR=0.713, 95%CI：0.337-0.942, P=0.025）. WHR was lower in the females （OR=0.656, 95%CI：0.214-0.897, P=0.005）than in the males, higher in the age groups of 35- years （OR=1.441,95%CI：1.032-1.957, P=0.022） and 65- years（OR=1.247,95%CI：1.004-1.877,P=0.046） than in the age group of 25- years, and lower in the group with sufficient physical activity （OR=0.323, 95%CI：0.081-0.912, P=0.015） than in the group with insufficient physical activity. Conclusions The twins’ height, weight and WHR are correlated with the egg types. Their height, weight and BMI are greatly affected by genetic factors, while WHR is greatly influenced by environmental factors. The twins’ overweight or obesity is related to gender, age, physical activity, educational background, edible fruit and vegetable and other factors. Abdominal obesity is mainly affected by gender, age, physical activity and other factors.